Introduction: Hydatid cyst of lungs is mainly diagnosed by imaging procedures such as chest Roentgenogram and chest CT Scan. In endemic area, hydatid cyst may be discovered during the surgery appearing in a form which is not usually identified with typical Hydatidosis of lungs. The objective of this study was to give a description of the most important atypical RADIOLOGICal presentation of lung Hydatidosis.Materials and Methods: All the patients diagnosed as having pulmonary Hydatidosis through a surgical exploration were included in this study. Standard chest Roentgenograms and computed Tomographies were evaluated before the surgery for diagnosing any lung cyst or unknown lesion.RADIOLOGICal FINDINGS were divided into two categories: 1-Typical Hydatid cysts which have already been described in literature as having imaging presentations such as intact cyst, water lily sign and crescent sign.2- Atypical Hydatid cysts that do not resemble any feature of typical Hydatid cysts as mentioned above.Results: 1614 subjects who had already been diagnosed with pulmonary Hydatidosis over a period of 28 years went under surgical operations. Seventy nine of them received standard Thoracic CT scan.Atypical cysts were detected in 35% of the subjects that were X-rayed by chest and in 32 of them (40.5%) who received CT Scan. The most frequent chief complaint was coughing as reported by 68 (87%) of the cases. None of the clinical and demographic FINDINGS were significantly more frequent in the subjects with atypical Hydatid cyst. The most frequent manifestation illustrated in the RADIOLOGICal pictures was thick cavity wall in 9 subjects (28%). Other FINDINGS were as follows: solid mass in 7 (21%), abscess in 6 (18%), consolidation in 3 (9%), fungus ball in 3 (9%), collapse (atelectasis) in 2 (6%) and round pneumonia in 2 (6%). Cavity was significantly more frequently seen in the right lung (90%) and mass like opacity was significantly more frequent in the lower lung field (100%).Conclusion: Hydatid cyst showing atypical features is relatively common; thus, physicians should be cautious about the possibility of Hydatid cyst while evaluating most of the RADIOLOGICal pictures of the lung, no matter what the localization, size and count of the lesion.

Introduction & Background: Body packers are those people who swallow opiate drug packages for smug-gluing purposes. According to a report of forensic medicine journal, one tone of opiate drugs are annul-ally transported in this way. Ninety percent of all opiate drugs in the prisons are estimated to be smug-geld through swallowing the packages or rectal or vaginal concealment. Plain abdominal x-ray is the usual and widespread technique for the RADIOLOGIC confirmation of diagnosis. Due to air entrapment be-teen the cover and the materials (opiate drugs), a double condom or double crescent sign confirms the diagnosis. Patients & Methods: A study on 16 patients was con-ducted, in which we used a new pelvic and abdominal CT scanning without contrast to make a diagnosis. They were 15 male and one female patient mostly in their third decade of life. Number of concealed pack-ages ranged from 1 to150 with a total weight of about 1 to 5kgs. One of the patients died because of the complications following package rupture. Results: As the density of opium and heroin is about 140-170, we recommend a CT scan without contrast as the modality of choice for the diagnosis of these foreign body concealments. In this way we can also follow management of the patient regarding complete removal of the packages. Conclusion: In suspicious cases, however, barium en-emu is required increasing the risk of packages rupture. Doing a CT scan with contrast also has the shortcoming of under- diagnosis in bowels full of contrast media due to the density of opiate drug packages. So based on our study, the best way for diagnosing body packing remains a CT scan without contrast. 

Introduction: Pneumonia is still the most common cause of human death due to infectious disease. The causative agent of pneumonia is often undetectable. Due to the the need of patients suffering from CAP to have appropriate and in time treatment, we carried out this study to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS in adults suffering from acute community acquired Pneumonia.Materials & Methods: In this study, we evaluated 152 patients with the mean age 60.86 (19-92) year, with initial clinical diagnosis of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) referring to the Emergency department. A checklist was completed for each patient based on his or her demographic information. Finally, we compared the diagnostic value of different finding with each other. The data was collected, entered into SPSS and analyzed in the level of a=0.05. FINDINGS: Acute bacterial CAP was confirmed as a final diagnosis in 50% of the patients under study. The most common clinical signs and symptoms were fever, cough, sputum and abnormal breath sounds on examination. Microbiologically, among 121 cases whose specimens were cultured, 20 cases were culture positive for lung pathogens. The most common germ was Staphylococcus Aureus (7 cases), then Pneumococcus, Klebsiella, pseudomonas and Moraxella Catarrhalis were the next. The most common RADIOLOGIC pattern noted was petechial infiltration (42.8%), lobar infiltration (9.2%) and in 23% of patients no abnormal RADIOLOGIC finding was noted. In this study, laboratory diagnosis had sensitivity = 22.37% and specificity =96.05%. For RADIOLOGIC diagnosis sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 89.47%, in case of CRP positive sensitivity = 90.79% and specificity = 50%.Discussion & Conclusion: In this study, CXR was the best way for the diagnosis of CAP. If this diagnostic test was inaccessible, we should put together valuable clinical signs and symptoms such as cough, sputum, fever and abnormal breath sounds in combination with CRP and WBC count.

Background: The incidence and prevalence of malignant nasopharyngeal cancers (NPC) are different in each part of the world. The prevalence of this malignancy is about 0. 5 in every 1000 people in the USA, while it is about 20 in every 100 people in China. this difference is due to nutritional, environmental, and genetic factors, especially for endemic regions. This malignancy is more common in men and is often seen in the sixth decade of life. We decided to do this study from the point of epidemiologic, clinical, and RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS in patients with nasopharyngeal cancers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of patients who were admitted to the ENT ward with the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 2004 to 2014. Thirty-two patients were studied from the point of age, gender, risk factors, clinical and RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS. Results: Of 32 patients, 26 patients (%81) were male, and six patients (%19) were female. The mean age of the patients was 50. 28 years old. Nineteen patients were self-employed, 4 were farmers, 3 were staffers, and 6 were house worker women. %84 of the patients had a negative family history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. %66 of the patients had neck mass, and the second most common clinical finding was nasal obstruction. The most common site of tumor origin was the right lateral wall (%37), and the second was the left lateral wall (%28). Eight patients had erosion of the skull base, and 14 patients had tumor expansion to the paranasal sinuses and orbital cavity. Conclusion: In patients complaining of a neck mass, nasal obstruction, and headache, nasopharyngeal cancer should be highly suspected. Nasal endoscopy and biopsy of the suspected lesion are needed for correct diagnosis and treatment

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare and disabling syndrome, which is characterized by heterotopic ossifications and skeletal deformities. So far, around 200 patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva have been reported in the world literature. Herein, we analyze the clinical records of 7 known cases of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva from Iran who were admitted to the pediatrics wards of our centers between 1983 and 2002, and present the RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS.

Background: During 8-year imposed war in our country, frequent numbers of victims had been injured from their extremities. According to the results of studies in all war injuries, injury to the extremities account for the highest percentage of all injuries (75%). In this study we tried to evaluate the prevalence of injuries in extremities and RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS of injuries.Material and Methods: We observed 4000 x-rays and selected 1010 x-rays which had visible extremities injuries. Theses x-rays had stored in radiology department of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, during war (1984 to 1990). We entered our observed information in the special forms, and then analyzed all of the extracted FINDINGS with SPSS-10.Results: Our FINDINGS showed that injuries to the lower extremities were three times more frequent than upper extremities. Fracture was the most common injury (72.7%), Tibia was the commonest injured bone. Comminuted fracture was the most common type of fracture (39.1%), and amputation had done in (7.2%) of war-injured patients.Conclusion: As extremities were the most common site of injuries in our study and in all of other previous studies, we conclude that all of the physicians should be expert in managing of injuries to the extremities to reduce the moribidities.

Background: External laryngeal trauma is rare. It has a population incidence of 1 in 137, 000 in adults. In developing countries blunt trauma is more common than penetrating trauma. Blunt trauma may occur due to accidents, sports injuries or hanging. Laryngeal trauma manifests as a spectrum of symptoms and signs ranging from cardiopulmonary arrest to subtle changes in voice quality. The most common presenting feature of laryngeal trauma is hoarseness, followed by dysphagia and pain. Although blunt laryngeal trauma is rare, but it can be life threatening. So, its early and proper management will remarkably affect the immediate probability of patient’ s survival and their long term quality of life. Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, medical records of 30 patients with blunt laryngeal trauma, who were admitted in ENT ward of Imam Reza hospital over a 10-year period, were evaluated. Results: 30 patients, including 27 (90%) males and 3 (10%) women were studied. Mean age of patients was 36. 13± 10. 53 years. The most common cause of blunt laryngeal trauma was vehicle accidents. The most common presenting symptoms were neck pain and tenderness. Subcutaneous emphysema was the most common RADIOLOGICal finding. The most common laryngoscope FINDINGS were swelling and hematoma of true vocal cords. Treatment modalities were supportive therapy performed on 26(86. 7%) patients, tracheotomy on 3(10%) patients and open surgery on 1(3. 3%) patients. Also 2 (6. 7%) patients required intubation. Conclusion: In most patients suffering from mild trauma, conservative therapy is mostly administered. Any delay in early and proper diagnosis and treatment may be life threatening. So in such situations the patient's airway should be evaluated by skillful experts and emergency procedures have to be applied. Also any changes in patient's signs should be monitored frequently and the required diagnostic and therapeutic procedures must be applied.

Background: The typical RADIOLOGICal FINDINGS of hydatic cyst are well known. But complicated hydatid cyst have unknown FINDINGS. The aim of this study was to determine RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS of hydatid cyst and their relationship to signs and symptoms.Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 77 patients with pulmonary hydatid cyst referred to Al-zahra hospital in Isfahan. Data of age, sex, signs and symptoms and duration of them, involved lung, chest X-ray (CXR) and CT scan FINDINGS were collected and analyzed with chi square and fisher exact tests.Finding: Seventy seven patients with mean age of 34.27±15.41 years and mean duration of symptoms of 143.36±24.4 days were evaluated. 61% were men and 75.7% were women.51.3% of patients had opaque lesion (non complicated) in CXR and CT scan. In 37.7% of patients, the diagnosis was performed only based on CXR and clinical FINDINGS. No meaningful relationship was found between sex, clinical FINDINGS, involved lobe and side of involved lung with complicated cyst in radiology FINDINGS.Conclusion: The diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid cyst is based on RADIOLOGIC (round radiopaque lesion) and clinical FINDINGS.

Background: Sulfur mustard (SM) as a chemical warfare agent, increases permeability of bronchial vessels and damages airway epithelium. SM exposure causes debilitating respiratory complications. This study was designed to evaluate clinical respiratory manifestations, and to compare chest X ray (CXR) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of chest in SM exposed patients with respiratory complaints.Methods: All patients with history of SM exposure who visited Imam Reza Specialized Clinic of Respiratory Diseases from September 2001 to March 2011 were included. Patients with other comorbidities which affect respiratory system were excluded.CXR and chest HRCT scan were performed on the same day and were repeated after 5 years. Clinical and RADIOLOGIC FINDINGS were collected and were compared with each other.Results: In total, 62 male patients with mean age of 53 (6.9, 41-65) were studied. Dyspnea (61 cases, 100%), dry cough (40 cases, 66%), hemoptysis (21 cases, 35%) and productive cough (20 cases, 33%) were the most common respiratory manifestations. Pulmonary infiltration (51, 83%), pleural thickening (25, 40%) and emphysema (16, 26%) were the most common FINDINGS on CXR.According to HRCT scan, pulmonary infiltration (53, 85%), bronchiolitis obliterans (38, 61%) and pleural thickening (36, 58%) were the most common FINDINGS (Table 2). Repeated RADIOLOGIC assessments after 5 years showed a few additional FINDINGS in HRCT scan, while in about one fifth of CXRs, new pathologic FINDINGS were found.Conclusion: Patients with SM exposure experience debilitating respiratory disorders in long term. Repeating CXR in patients who present with subjective symptoms may show new FINDINGS, however, repeating HRCT scan is probably not necessary.